Project Report: Chapter IV (Part IV)

4.3 Determinants of Child labor

The following tables help us to understand the reasons and the factors that led children to child labor.

Table 31: Motivation of Respondents to Child Labor

Motivated by	Total
Friends	20.0
Parents	78.3
Employers	1.7
Total	100.0

Table 32: Child labor occupation and attraction to child labor

Area of Child Labor	Motivated by			Total
	Friends	Parents	Employers
Hotel		11.7		11.7
Shops	6.7	20.0		26.7
Daily labor	8.3	23.3	1.7	33.3
Vendors		3.3		3.3
Domestic labor	5.0	16.7		21.7
Mechanic work		1.7		1.7
House keeping		1.7		1.7
Total	20.0	78.3	1.7	100.00

Table 32 shows the relationship analysis between child labor occupation and the variable 'attraction to child labor'. Out of the 78.3percent, which are brought into child labor activity by parents, 23.3percent are in daily labor, 20.0percent in shops, and 16.6 percent in domestic labor, 11.7percent in hotel and 1.7percent each in mechanic work and house keeping. Out of the 20.0percent through friends’ network, 8.3percent are in daily labor, 6.7percent in shops and 5 percent in domestic labor. Most of the parents take their children along with them for the daily labor and also domestic labor.

Table 33: Reasons for Child Labor

SI. No.	Reasons	Total
1	Personal needs	3.3
2	Poverty	15.0
3	Illiteracy & ignorance of parents	1.7
4	Personal needs	1.7
5	Poverty and illiteracy	45.0
6	Poverty and family ten,...	U7
7	Poverty/large, ./family. . . /ill iteracy...	15.0
8	Poverty/large. . . ./illiteracy	11.7
	Total	100.0

Table 33 reveals the frequency of the variable 'reasons for child labor'- 45.0 percent had reported poverty and illiteracy as reasons for taking up child labor activity. 15.0 percent had reported poverty, large family, family tensions and illiteracy together as reasons for taking up child labor. 11.7 percent reported that poverty; large family and illiteracy together were the reasons. 15 percent had reported that poverty alone as reason for taking up child labor and 6.7percent reported both poverty and illiteracy as reasons. From all these observations, it is clear that poverty, illiteracy, family tensions, large family and ignorance of parents as viable reasons for getting into child labor activity. The same may be viewed on the diagram shown below.

4.4 Demographic Status of Child laborers

The following tables would help to understand and interpret the demographic status of child laborers.

Table 34: Gender distribution of child labor

Gender	Total
Male	66.7
Female	33.3
Total	100.0

The table 34 shows that out of the total child labor samples taken, the male child laborers are 66.7percent and the female child laborers are 33.3percent from all the 7 sample areas of child prevalence in Tanuku town.

Table 35: Orphan status of Child tabor population

Orphan Status	Total
Paternal	11.7
Maternal	3.3
Both	10.0
Not Applicable	75.0
Total	100.0

Table 35 shows that 11.7percent are paternal orphans, 3.3percent are maternal orphans and 10 percent are both maternal and paternal orphans. 75pe"rcent have non-orphan status.

Table 36: Age. Gender and Literacy of Child labor population

Literacy Level	Age Group	Gender		Total
		Male	Female
Nil	6 to 1 0 years		3.3	3.3
	11 to 14 years	5.0		5.0
Total		5.0	3.3	8.3
1.00	6 to 10 years	3.3	3.3	6.7
Total		3.3	3.3	6.7
2.00	6 to 1 0 years	3.3	1.7	5.0
	11 to 14 years	5.0	3.3	8.3
Total		8.3	5.0	13.3
3.00	6 to 10 years	5.0	1.7	6.7
	11 to 14 years	8.3	1.7	10.0
Total		13.3	3.3	16.7
4.00	6 to 10 years	6.7	1.7	8.3
	11 to 14 years	3.3	3.3	6.7
Total		10.0	5.0	15.0
5.00	6 to 10 years	1.7	3.3	5.0
	11 to 14 years	18.3	6.7	25.0
Total		20.0	10.0	30.0
6.00	11 to 14 years		3.3	3.3
Total			3.3	3.3
7.00	11 to 14 years	5.0		5.0
Total		5.0		5.0
9.00	11 to 14 years	1.7		1.7
Total		1.7		1.7

Table 36 shows the relationship analysis among the variables Age, gender and education of the child laborers. Out of 33.3percent females of the total population, 15 percent are of the age group 6 to 10 years and they are below 5^lil class only. Out of the 66.7percent males 20 percent are of the age group of 6 to 10 years. This means that putting together boys and girls of the age group of 6 to 10 years, they constitute about 35percent of the total population and the age group of 11 to 14 years constitutes 65percent of the total. Out of 33.3percent females 18.3percent are of the age group of 11 to 14 years and they are below 6^th class only. Out of 66.7percentmales, 63.3percent are of the age group of 11 to 14 years and they are below 9^lh class.

4.5 Awareness of the Concept of Child labor

The following figures enable to understand whether the child laborers have knowledge and awareness of the concept of 'child labor' and its legal Acts.

Table 37 - Awareness of child labor concept by the child laborers

Awareness of child labor concept	Total
Yes	73.3
No	26.7
Total	100.0

Table 37 shows the frequency of the variable awareness of child labor concept. 73.3percent had said that they were aware of the child labor concept and 26.70percent had replied negative.

Table 38 - Whether child laborers know that their activity comes under child labor

Activity under child labor?	Total
Yes	58.3
No	41.7
Total	100.0

Table 38 shows the frequency of the variable, child laborer's knowledge whether their activity would come under child labor. 58.3percent had reported positive and 41.1 percent had reported negative.

Table 39 - 'Whether child laborers know that child labor is an evil practice

Knowledge of Child labor as evil practice	Total
Yes	56.7
No	43.3
Total	100.0

Table 39 shows the frequency of the variable that whether the child laborers know that child labor is an evil practice. 56.7percent had reported positive and 43.3percent had reported negative.

Table 40: 'Whether Child Labourers are aware of Child Labour Acts'

Aware of child labor Acts	Percent
Yes	43.3
No	56.7
Total	100.0

Table 40 shows the frequency that whether child laborers were aware of the Acts enacted to control child labor. 43.3percent had reported that they knew of the Acts and 56.7percent had said that they were unaware of the Child labor Acts.